Daylights Saving & Sleep: Expert Views on Health & Circadian Rhythms
This podcast features expert discussions on Daylight Saving Time (DST), detailing its significant impacts on sleep patterns and overall health. It explains how DST disrupts human circadian rhythms, leading to sleep loss, deprivation, and conditions like insomnia. The overview covers various associated health risks, including increased mood disorders, cardiovascular issues, and accidents. It also provides practical strategies and tips for adjusting to the time change, such as gradually altering bedtime, establishing consistent sleep routines, and optimizing light exposure. The debate around permanent standard time is also touched upon.
0.000000 1.800000 - Welcome to Everyday Explained.
1.800000 4.360000 Your daily 20-minute dive into the fascinating house
4.360000 6.360000 and wise of the world around you.
6.360000 8.240000 I'm your host, Chris, and I'm excited
8.240000 9.920000 to help you discover something new.
9.920000 11.240000 Let's get started.
11.240000 13.200000 - You know that feeling,
13.200000 17.400000 that almost jet lag sensation when the clock's shift.
17.400000 18.720000 - Oh yeah, definitely.
18.720000 20.080000 - Especially in the spring, right?
20.080000 22.560000 Suddenly you're maybe a step behind feeling a little,
22.560000 24.680000 I don't know, grumpy.
24.680000 25.680000 - Totally.
25.680000 27.480000 Disoriented is a good word for it.
27.480000 30.520000 And it's wild how just like 60 minutes
30.520000 32.480000 can throw our entire internal system
32.480000 34.280000 so far off balance.
34.280000 35.360000 It makes you wonder,
35.360000 38.720000 why does one hour feel like such a big deal for our bodies?
38.720000 40.040000 - It really does.
40.040000 43.000000 - So today we're doing a deep dive into that exact mystery.
43.000000 44.520000 We're looking at daylight saving time.
44.520000 46.440000 It's huge impact on our internal clocks,
46.440000 47.400000 our circadian rhythms,
47.400000 49.960000 and asking that big question,
49.960000 53.560000 would we actually be better off without the whole thing?
53.560000 56.120000 And also for those of us who kind of dread
56.120000 57.720000 those long dark winters,
57.720000 59.960000 we'll try to shed some light on why those shorter days
59.960000 62.520000 can leave us feeling a bit sluggish.
62.520000 64.320000 - Yeah, less than vibrant is a good way to put it.
64.320000 65.520000 That's a perfect setup.
65.520000 68.120000 Our mission today really is to try and pull out
68.120000 71.360000 the most important nuggets of knowledge
71.360000 72.800000 from quite a few sources.
72.800000 76.440000 We've looked at insights from leading sleep medicine experts,
76.440000 78.800000 health researchers, and even personal accounts.
78.800000 80.600000 Just people talking about how it affects them.
80.600000 81.440000 - Okay.
81.440000 86.480000 - It's really unpack how these, well, seemingly small time shifts,
86.480000 88.720000 mess with our health and well-being.
88.720000 90.440000 We want to make sure you understand
90.440000 92.880000 what's really going on inside your body
92.880000 95.160000 when the clocks spring forward or fall back.
95.160000 96.360000 - And what we can do about it.
96.360000 99.000000 - And crucially, yes, what you can actually do.
99.000000 100.360000 - Okay, let's unpack this then.
100.360000 102.320000 We all know the annual ritual,
102.320000 104.240000 spring forward, fall backward.
104.240000 105.200000 - That old chestnut.
105.200000 106.520000 - Exactly.
106.520000 108.800000 That one hour shift for daylight saving time,
108.800000 112.560000 DST running roughly March through November.
112.560000 115.720000 That's when we leave standard time behind for a bit.
115.720000 117.560000 Specifically, you know, you push your clocks forward
117.560000 119.800000 at 2 a.m., second Sunday in March.
119.800000 122.760000 Then set them back an hour, 2 a.m., first Sunday in November.
122.760000 125.160000 It's pretty common across a lot of the world now.
125.160000 126.360000 - And the history is quite interesting.
126.360000 129.440000 The original idea behind DST was pretty simple.
129.440000 133.880000 Really, just adjust the clocks to save natural light.
133.880000 136.840000 So more daylight in the evening for, you know, activities
136.840000 138.560000 and people thought it saved energy too.
138.560000 141.080000 - Ah, okay, energy saving.
141.080000 141.920000 - That was the thought.
141.920000 144.040000 And while there were versions before,
144.040000 147.960000 it's been official in most of the US since 1966.
147.960000 149.520000 - Wow, that recent.
149.520000 150.800000 - Relatively, yeah.
150.800000 153.040000 But what's fascinating is it's not everywhere.
153.040000 154.720000 - Right, you mentioned exceptions.
154.720000 157.640000 - Exactly, places like Hawaii, most of Arizona,
157.640000 161.000000 plus US territories like American Samoa, they don't do it.
161.000000 163.720000 They stay on permanent standard time all year round.
163.720000 166.160000 - Which kind of sets up a natural experiment, doesn't it?
166.160000 167.000000 - It really does.
167.000000 169.000000 And that feeds right into this whole debate
169.000000 171.040000 about whether we should just pick one time
171.040000 172.640000 and stick with it nationally.
172.640000 174.800000 - Okay, so on the surface, it seems simple.
174.800000 176.000000 Move the clock an hour.
176.000000 178.520000 But as you said, it hits something way deeper
178.520000 181.880000 or biological clocks or serpading rhythms.
181.880000 183.480000 - Exactly, that's the core of it.
183.480000 187.840000 - And these are these incredible like 24 hour cycles
187.840000 189.200000 running inside us.
189.200000 190.040000 - Pretty much, yeah.
190.040000 193.000000 They regulate so many vital things, sleep week cycles,
193.000000 197.280000 obviously, but also appetite, mood, even hormone release.
197.280000 199.560000 They're like the conductor of our internal orchestra.
199.560000 200.680000 - Orchestrating everything.
200.680000 202.120000 - Almost everything we do, yeah.
202.120000 205.680000 And what's truly profound here is how deeply
205.680000 209.480000 our biology is tied to light, especially natural light.
209.480000 210.960000 - Light is the main signal.
210.960000 212.000000 - It's the major signal.
212.000000 214.760000 These rhythms sync up with a natural light dark cycle.
214.760000 217.040000 That's what promotes healthy sleep.
217.040000 220.080000 Light tells our body, okay, time to be alert.
220.080000 222.600000 And darkness signals, I'd start producing melatonin.
222.600000 223.600000 That's sleep hormone.
223.600000 224.440000 - Okay.
224.440000 225.520000 - And here's something amazing.
225.520000 228.840000 Every single cell in our body keeps track of time.
228.840000 230.000000 - Wait, every cell.
230.000000 231.000000 - Every cell.
231.000000 233.760000 There was this huge discovery back in 1997
233.760000 237.880000 by Joseph Takahashi's lab, UT Southwestern.
237.880000 240.600000 They found the CLOC KG.
240.600000 241.760000 - The CLOC KG.
241.760000 243.960000 - Yep, the first circadian gene found in mammals.
243.960000 246.440000 It just showed how incredibly deep these timekeepers
246.440000 247.280000 are baked into us.
247.280000 248.520000 - So it's not just about sleep.
248.520000 250.000000 - Oh, far from it, it affects everything.
250.000000 251.200000 Cellular repair in your liver,
251.200000 252.840000 the timing of your immune response,
252.840000 254.880000 all these processes have their own internal clock.
254.880000 255.720000 - Wow.
255.720000 258.000000 - Which means even small disruptions,
258.000000 259.760000 like that one hour time shift,
259.760000 261.920000 they can cause these ripple effects.
261.920000 263.920000 We're only just starting to really grasp.
263.920000 265.480000 It's like our ancient biology
265.480000 267.840000 is kind of fighting this modern clock we even pose.
267.840000 270.240000 - Okay, this is where it gets really crucial then.
270.240000 272.720000 Let's talk about springing forward,
272.720000 275.160000 that immediate impact in March.
275.160000 276.520000 - Right, the tough one.
276.520000 278.800000 - We lose one hour of sleep.
278.800000 280.120000 Doesn't sound like a huge amount, does it?
280.120000 280.960000 Just an hour.
280.960000 281.800000 It's pretty small.
281.800000 284.560000 - But the study show, the average person gets,
284.560000 286.240000 what, 40 minutes less sleep,
286.240000 287.800000 that Monday morning after the change?
287.800000 290.360000 - That's right, a full 40 minutes on average.
290.360000 292.560000 And that deficit isn't just, you know,
292.560000 294.680000 feeling a bit groggy, it hits hard.
294.680000 296.000000 It can affect your whole week.
296.000000 297.440000 - And that small shift,
297.440000 300.200000 it's linked to some really worrying trends.
300.200000 301.040000 - Absolutely.
301.040000 302.520000 It's not just tiredness,
302.520000 304.000000 the stress of this misalignment,
304.000000 306.520000 it actually strains your cardiovascular system.
306.520000 307.360000 - It is.
307.360000 308.920000 - Yeah, we see measurable increases
308.920000 310.160000 in serious health issues,
310.160000 313.160000 heart problems spike, mood disorders get worse,
313.160000 315.280000 and maybe less surprisingly,
315.280000 318.120000 a jump in car crashes right after the change.
318.120000 321.280000 DST disrupts our circadian rhythms.
321.280000 324.200000 Basically throws them out of whack with the sun,
324.200000 327.400000 leading to insomnia symptoms around that spring change.
327.400000 329.320000 It just gets harder to fall asleep
329.320000 330.960000 or wake up at the new correct time.
330.960000 333.800000 - And that feeling, you know, being a bit off,
333.800000 337.480000 maybe grumpy, disoriented, struggling to focus,
337.480000 338.320000 that's real.
338.320000 339.160000 - Oh, it's very real.
339.160000 341.040000 - It's just you imagining it.
341.040000 344.480000 Research shows that sleep deprivation from this shift.
344.480000 346.160000 You can actually cause memory loss,
346.160000 347.400000 make it harder to learn,
347.400000 349.160000 affect cognitive function generally.
349.160000 352.600000 - It really is like a mini self-inflicted jet lag.
352.600000 353.440000 - That's a great analogy.
353.440000 354.840000 - I remember hearing about a student,
354.840000 355.800000 usually an early bird,
355.800000 357.520000 who just kept missing her morning classes
357.520000 359.680000 for weeks after springing forward,
359.680000 362.400000 shows how that 40 minutes isn't just one bad morning.
362.400000 363.240000 - Exactly.
363.240000 366.760000 And it's vital to understand humans are most vulnerable
366.760000 369.080000 to sleep loss during this spring change.
369.080000 370.400000 - Especially certain groups.
370.400000 371.240000 - Like who?
371.240000 372.320000 - Think about shift workers.
372.320000 373.880000 Their schedules are already tricky.
373.880000 375.760000 Students with really early classes,
375.760000 379.240000 anyone whose sleep patterns are already a bit fragile.
379.240000 382.800000 They struggle a lot with this prolonged circadian misalignment.
382.800000 386.600000 They can lose on average about 19 minutes of sleep,
386.600000 389.360000 just because sunset shifts an hour later.
389.360000 392.520000 And for many, it's not just a day or two of feeling tired.
392.520000 395.080000 It becomes this chronic disruption,
395.080000 397.120000 impacts their health, their safety.
397.120000 398.960000 - Okay, so that's the spring shock.
398.960000 400.440000 Now what about the other side?
400.440000 402.720000 Falling back in November, we gain an hour.
402.720000 404.200000 - Right, the bonus hour.
404.200000 405.680000 - Sounds like a win, doesn't it?
405.680000 408.280000 Extra sleep, maybe hits news, guilt-free.
408.280000 409.200000 - You'd think so.
409.200000 412.280000 And major sleep disruptions are less likely in the fall,
412.280000 413.720000 that's true. - What?
413.720000 416.240000 - But some people still find it hard
416.240000 418.480000 to adjust to the new wake-up time.
418.480000 420.200000 And more fundamentally,
420.200000 422.360000 a lot of scientists think any disruption,
422.360000 424.520000 any shift away from the optimal timing
424.520000 427.520000 of our circadian rhythms relative to the sun,
427.520000 430.000000 could be a culprit in health risks.
430.000000 431.640000 Even if it seems like a good change
431.640000 433.240000 like getting an extra hour,
433.240000 436.360000 is any change really good for us biologically?
436.360000 437.360000 - Interesting question,
437.360000 439.560000 and this leads us right into that other challenge, doesn't it?
439.560000 441.200000 The dark winters, what happens
441.200000 443.160000 when the natural light just disappears?
443.160000 444.240000 - Exactly.
444.240000 446.720000 Losing that hour of evening light in the fall,
446.720000 449.880000 it can have a really significant effect on mood.
449.880000 451.400000 For some people, it actually signals
451.400000 455.600000 the start of seasonal effective disorder or SAD.
455.600000 459.160000 - SAD, that's the depression link to lack of sunlight.
459.160000 460.480000 - Precisely.
460.480000 463.720000 The lack of sunlight messes with two key things.
463.720000 466.880000 Melatonin, the sleep hormone and serotonin,
466.880000 468.200000 often called the happy chemical.
468.200000 469.200000 - Okay.
469.200000 471.560000 - Not enough sunlight means your body struggles
471.560000 474.720000 to make enough serotonin, contributing to low mood.
474.720000 477.080000 And melatonin production can get erratic.
477.080000 479.720000 You feel exhausted, but then you can't fall asleep.
479.720000 481.240000 - Hmm, the worst combination.
481.240000 482.640000 - It really is.
482.640000 484.120000 Studies have even shown hospitals
484.120000 486.880000 are reported an 11% increase in depressive symptoms
486.880000 488.440000 right after that fall time change.
488.440000 490.040000 - 11%, wow.
490.040000 492.360000 - It's like a literal recipe for feeling tired and grumpy,
492.360000 493.480000 but wired.
493.480000 495.160000 Your body's signals are all mixed up.
495.160000 497.880000 - So it's not just the clock making us want to basically
497.880000 498.640000 hibernate.
498.640000 501.680000 Our bodies are literally wired to feel that winter sloth
501.680000 503.160000 because of the lack of light.
503.160000 504.440000 - That's a big part of it, yeah.
504.440000 506.600000 Our ancient biology reacting to the dark.
506.600000 508.600000 - Makes you wonder how much of our daily struggle
508.600000 511.240000 is just biology versus the clock.
511.240000 512.400000 - It's a fascinating thought.
512.400000 513.520000 - Okay, so this whole discussion,
513.520000 515.160000 it brings us right to that big debate.
515.160000 517.040000 The one that comes up every year.
517.040000 520.960000 Should we just ditch day late saving time altogether?
520.960000 522.400000 What's the science say?
522.400000 523.960000 - What's definitely a hot topic?
523.960000 525.720000 And it's complex, honestly.
525.720000 527.840000 There are strong arguments on both sides,
527.840000 530.160000 which is why making policy is so tricky.
530.160000 532.160000 - Okay, so what's the case for ditching it?
532.160000 534.480000 Going with permanent standard time.
534.480000 537.760000 - A lot of sleep experts and big organizations
537.760000 540.800000 like the Society for Research and Biological Rhythms,
540.800000 544.280000 they strongly advocate for permanent standard time.
544.280000 546.080000 - Why standard time specifically?
546.080000 548.520000 - Their argument is that standard time aligns better
548.520000 550.560000 with our natural circadian rhythms,
550.560000 552.840000 which are more sensitive to morning light.
552.840000 555.880000 They believe sticking with standard time year round
555.880000 558.600000 would benefit public health and safety overall.
558.600000 559.440000 - How so?
559.440000 561.600000 - They point to potential reductions in risks
561.600000 564.520000 for things like heart disease, obesity, depression,
564.520000 566.440000 even workplace accidents.
566.440000 570.280000 The core idea is that lining up with the sun's natural clock
570.280000 571.880000 is just healthier for humans.
571.880000 573.960000 - Okay, makes sense biologically,
573.960000 576.800000 but there must be arguments for keeping DST.
576.800000 578.200000 - Oh, absolutely.
578.200000 580.560000 Those in favor of keeping DST
580.560000 583.520000 or even making it permanent also have compelling points.
583.520000 584.520000 - Gotcha.
584.520000 587.120000 - They often cite benefits like potential energy savings,
587.120000 588.760000 although that's debated.
588.760000 592.280000 Also, fewer car accidents in the evening commute
592.280000 594.680000 because more people are driving home in daylight.
594.680000 596.520000 - Ah, the evening light argument.
596.520000 597.360000 - Exactly.
597.360000 599.040000 Plus they argue it helps commerce,
599.040000 600.960000 allows for more afterwork recreation,
600.960000 602.640000 and there's even some evidence suggesting
602.640000 605.960000 crime rates might decrease slightly during DST periods,
605.960000 608.360000 maybe because more people are out and about when it's light.
608.360000 610.000000 - So it's this trade off then.
610.000000 612.720000 Biological health versus maybe economic
612.720000 614.800000 or evening safety benefits.
614.800000 616.640000 - That's a good way to summarize attention, yeah.
616.640000 619.040000 It's not simply about one side being right.
619.040000 621.360000 It's about weighing different impacts and priorities,
621.360000 623.120000 very complex policy decision.
623.120000 626.560000 - And where do things stand legally in the US right now
626.560000 628.200000 or changes coming?
628.200000 630.560000 - Well, federal law currently stops states
630.560000 634.120000 from just deciding to stay on permanent DST year round.
634.120000 635.840000 They can choose permanent standard time,
635.840000 637.360000 like Arizona and Hawaii did.
637.360000 639.320000 - So they can fall back and just stay there
639.320000 641.720000 but not spring forward and stay there.
641.720000 643.040000 - Basically yes.
643.040000 645.680000 There have been bills in Congress trying to change that
645.680000 650.040000 to allow permanent DST, but nothing's passed so far.
650.040000 653.400000 So no big nationwide changes seem imminent.
653.400000 656.960000 The debate keeps going, but for now we're stuck with the switch.
656.960000 659.880000 - Right, so the switch isn't going away tomorrow,
659.880000 661.920000 which means for you listening,
661.920000 664.320000 what can you actually do to cope?
664.320000 666.960000 To keep your own circadian rhythm somewhat happy
666.960000 668.360000 despite these shifts.
668.360000 669.960000 - Yeah, finding your personal rhythm
669.960000 672.120000 in a world that keeps changing the beat as you said.
672.120000 674.160000 - Exactly, what are the practical tips?
674.160000 676.440000 - Okay, there are definitely concrete things,
676.440000 679.320000 experts recommend, things that can help at the time changes
679.320000 682.120000 or even just getting through those darker winter months.
682.120000 684.280000 First, try a gradual shift.
684.280000 685.280000 - Okay, how does that work?
685.280000 687.080000 - A few days before the clock's change,
687.080000 689.520000 start shifting your bedtime and wake up time.
689.520000 692.040000 Just by maybe 10, 15, 20 minutes each day
692.040000 693.440000 in the direction of the change.
693.440000 694.320000 - Ah, ease into it.
694.320000 696.400000 - Exactly, you can really soften the blow,
696.400000 697.880000 help your body adjust more smoothly
697.880000 699.080000 instead of that sudden jolt.
699.080000 700.400000 - Makes sense, what else?
700.400000 703.080000 - Second, consistency is king.
703.080000 704.920000 Stick to a regular sleek wake schedule
704.920000 707.640000 as much as you possibly can, even on weekends.
707.640000 709.080000 - Oof, weekends too.
709.080000 712.640000 - Ideally, yes, or keep the difference minimal.
712.640000 715.360000 Also, try to keep your meal times and exercise times
715.360000 716.440000 pretty regular.
716.440000 719.240000 All these things act as time cues for your body,
719.240000 721.240000 reinforcing that internal clock.
721.240000 723.080000 Consistency is your best friend.
723.080000 724.600000 - Okay, consistency, got it.
724.600000 725.440000 - Number three.
725.440000 729.240000 - Third, practice really good sleep hygiene.
729.240000 730.560000 This is the standard advice,
730.560000 733.080000 but it matters even more during transitions.
733.080000 734.960000 - Like avoiding screens before bed.
734.960000 736.280000 - Definitely.
736.280000 739.000000 Avoid alcohol and caffeine too close to bedtime.
739.000000 741.520000 Put screens away at least 30 minutes before sleep.
741.520000 743.640000 Have a calming, wind down routine.
743.640000 746.120000 Make sure your bedroom is dark, quiet, cool.
746.120000 747.760000 The basics, but they work.
747.760000 748.920000 - Right, the foundations.
748.920000 750.520000 - Fourth, and this one is huge,
750.520000 752.440000 especially for the winter blues too.
752.440000 754.120000 Embrace natural light.
754.120000 755.120000 - The master signal.
755.120000 756.240000 - It really is.
756.240000 757.520000 This is your most powerful tool
757.520000 759.520000 for resetting that internal clock.
759.520000 761.120000 Get outside during daylight hours.
761.120000 763.160000 Even a short walk at lunch makes it different.
763.160000 765.560000 - Even on cloudy days, yes.
765.560000 767.520000 Even diffuse daylight helps.
767.520000 769.200000 It helps recalibrate your rhythm
769.200000 772.240000 and can seriously combat that morning grogginess,
772.240000 773.600000 especially in winter.
773.600000 776.240000 If you can't get outside, sit by a bright window.
776.240000 778.800000 Some people find light therapy lamps helpful too
778.800000 780.320000 for those really dark mornings.
780.320000 781.560000 - Okay, light, light, light.
781.560000 783.040000 Make sense, anything else.
783.040000 785.600000 - Fifth, if you feel you absolutely need a nap
785.600000 789.240000 to get through the day after a shift, moderate your naps.
789.240000 790.080000 Keep them short.
790.080000 790.920000 - How short?
790.920000 792.520000 - Like 20 minutes or less.
792.520000 794.440000 A short power nap can be refreshing
794.440000 797.760000 without making you groggy or messing up your nighttime sleep.
797.760000 799.400000 Longer naps can backfire.
799.400000 801.160000 - Okay, short power naps only.
801.160000 804.080000 - And finally, a quick mention of melatonin.
804.080000 805.200000 Some people find it helpful
805.200000 807.040000 for getting their sleep schedule back on track
807.040000 808.000000 after a disruption.
808.000000 809.520000 - But use with caution.
809.520000 810.360000 - Absolutely.
810.360000 811.360000 It's not a magic bullet
811.360000 814.440000 and it's really best used in consultation with your doctor.
814.440000 816.360000 They can help you figure out if it's right for you
816.360000 818.240000 and the correct timing and dosage.
818.240000 820.400000 Don't just grab it over the counter without advice.
820.400000 821.240000 - Good caveat.
821.240000 823.320000 Okay, so those are some solid strategies.
823.320000 824.720000 - Hopefully helpful ones, yeah.
824.720000 826.440000 - So wrapping this up,
826.440000 828.680000 whether we're springing forward, falling back
828.680000 831.560000 or just, you know, slogging through a dark winter,
831.560000 834.440000 it's clear our bodies are in this constant dance
834.440000 836.720000 with light and time.
836.720000 838.080000 - An intricate dance.
838.080000 840.360000 - And even these small changes, like that one hour,
840.360000 842.840000 they can have these really profound ripple effects
842.840000 844.360000 through our whole system,
844.360000 846.000000 physical and mental well-being.
846.000000 847.000000 - Absolutely.
847.000000 848.960000 And while these changes, the clock shifts,
848.960000 850.240000 the short winter days,
850.240000 851.320000 while they can be challenging,
851.320000 854.240000 just understanding how they impact our biology,
854.240000 855.720000 that's the crucial first step.
855.720000 857.000000 Knowing is half the battle.
857.000000 858.640000 - Something like that.
858.640000 861.000000 It highlights this deep ancient connection
861.000000 863.520000 between our environment, especially light
863.520000 865.120000 and our inner health.
865.120000 866.760000 The connection we often kind of ignore
866.760000 869.080000 in our modern artificially lit lives.
869.080000 869.920000 - That's a great point.
869.920000 872.240000 So maybe a final thought for everyone listening.
872.240000 874.880000 Considering how much our bodies do respond to light.
874.880000 877.400000 What small, consistent changes could you make
877.400000 878.880000 in your daily light exposure?
878.880000 880.480000 - Yeah, not just during the time changes,
880.480000 881.760000 but every single day.
881.760000 884.440000 - Right, to feel maybe more energized, more in sync,
884.440000 886.800000 it's about finding your personal rhythm,
886.800000 889.600000 even when the world keeps changing the beat around you.
889.600000 890.640000 - Well said.
890.640000 892.520000 - Thank you for joining us on this deep dive.
892.520000 894.720000 We really hope it gave you some food for thought,
894.720000 896.360000 and we encourage you to stay curious
896.360000 898.840000 about your own amazing internal clock.
898.840000 901.920000 - And that wraps up today's episode of Everyday Explained.
901.920000 905.360000 We love making sense of the world around you five days a week.
905.360000 907.200000 If you enjoyed today's deep dive,
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